ࡱ > N P K L M [ ` bjbj 7 ΐ ΐ | V V V V V j j j 8 T j : ! ! ! ! ! " " # Գ v i V # " " # # V V ! ! T 5 5 5 # V ! V ! 5 # 5 5 A L u ! 0i$U j / Z կ j 0 L 0 L u u \ L V Ѩ # # 5 # # # # # k3 # # # # # # # L # # # # # # # # # ( : @8;>65=85 01>G0O ?@>3@0<<0 CG51=>3> ?@54<5B0 B>@>9 8=>AB@0==K9 O7K: ( D@0=FC7A:89) 5 - 9 :;0AAK !@>: @50;870F88 ?@>3@0<<K: 5 ;5B !>45@60=85 @01>G59 ?@>3@0<<K: 1 . ;0=8@C5<K5 @57C;LB0BK 87CG5=8O CG51=>3> ?@54<5B0. 2 . !>45@60=85 CG51=>3> ?@54<5B0. 3 . "5<0B8G5A:>5 ?;0=8@>20=85. 1 . ;0=8@C5<K5 @57C;LB0BK 87CG5=8O CG51=>3> ?@54<5B0. 01>G0O ?@>3@0<<0 >15A?5G8205B 4>AB865=85 ;8G=>AB=KE, <5B0?@54<5B=KE 8 ?@54<5B=KE @57C;LB0B>2 A>3;0A=> B@51>20=8O< $! . 8G=>AB=K5 @57C;LB0BK: D>@<8@>20=85 @>AA89A:>9 3@0640=A:>9 845=B8G=>AB8, 2>A?8B0=85 ;N128 8 C2065=8O : ?@>H;><C 8 =0AB>OI5<C >AA88, >A>7=0=85 A2>59 MB=8G5A:>9 ?@8=04;56=>AB8, CA2>5=85 3C<0=8AB8G5A:8E, 45<>:@0B8G5A:8E 8 B@048F8>==KE F5==>AB59 @>AA89A:>3> >1I5AB20; >A>7=0=85 =0CG=KE, :C;LBC@=KE, A>F80;L=KE 8 M:>=><8G5A:8E 4>AB865=89 @>AA89A:>3> =0@>40; D>@<8@>20=85 B>;5@0=B=>3> >B=>H5=8O : ?@54AB028B5;O< 8=>9 :C;LBC@=>- O7K:>2>9 >1I=>AB8; @0728B85 :@8B8G5A:>3> <KH;5=8O G5@57 0:B82=>5 2:;NG5=85 2 >1@07>20B5;L=K9 ?@>F5AA; D>@<8@>20=85 3>B>2=>AB8 8 A?>A>1=>AB8 25AB8 480;>3 A 4@C38<8 ;N4L<8 8 4>AB830BL 2708<>?>=8<0=8O; 3>B>2=>ABL >BAB0820BL >1I5G5;>25G5A:85 ( 3C<0=8AB8G5A:85, 45<>:@0B8G5A:85) F5==>AB8, A2>N 3@0640=A:CN ?>78F8N; D>@<8@>20=85 >B25BAB25==>3> >B=>H5=8O : CG5=8N, 3>B>2=>AB8 8 A?>A>1=>AB8 : A0<>@0728B8N 8 A0<>>1@07>20=8N, 2K1>@C ?CB8 40;L=59H53> A>25@H5=AB2>20=8O A2>53> >1@07>20=8O A CGQB>< CAB>9G82KE ?>7=020B5;L=KE 8=B5@5A>2, >A>7=0=85 2>7<>6=>AB59 A0<>@50;870F88 A@54AB20<8 D@0=FC7A:>3> O7K:0. 5B0?@54<5B=K5 @57C;LB0BK: @0728B85 C<5=8O A0<>AB>OB5;L=> >?@545;OBL 4>;3>A@>G=K5 8 :@0B:>A@>G=K5 F5;8 A2>53> >1CG5=8O, AB028BL 8 D>@<C;8@>20BL =>2K5 7040G8 2 CGQ15 8 ?>7=020B5;L=>9 45OB5;L=>AB8; @0728B85 C<5=8O =0E>48BL =081>;55 MDD5:B82=K5 A?>A>1K @5H5=8O CG51=KE 8 ?>7=020B5;L=KE 7040G; @0728B85 C<5=8O >ACI5AB2;OBL A0<>:>=B@>;L 2 CG51=>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 8 ?@8 =5>1E>48<>AB8 2=>A8BL 2 =5Q :>@@5:B82K; @0728B85 C<5=8O >F5=820BL @57C;LB0BK A2>59 CG51=>- ?>7=020B5;L=>9 45OB5;L=>AB8 A F5;LN 5Q 40;L=59H53> A>25@H5=AB2>20=8O; @0728B85 C<5=8O @0AAC640BL, AB@>8BL C<>70:;NG5=8O, ?@>3=>78@>20BL, CAB0=02;820BL ?@8G8==>- A;54AB25==K5 A2O78, 45;0BL A@02=5=8O 8 2K2>4K, 0@3C<5=B8@>20==> >BAB0820BL A2>N ?>78F8N; @0728B85 C<5=8O 2=8:0BL 2 A<KA; ?@>G8B0==>3>, C2845==>3> 8 CA;KH0==>3>, >?@545;OBL 8 D>@<C;8@>20BL B5<C, ?@>1;5<C 8 >A=>2=CN <KA;L 2KA:07K20=8O ( B5:AB0, AB0BL8) ; @0728B85 C<5=8O >@30=87>2K20BL A>2<5AB=CN CG51=CN 45OB5;L=>ABL A CG8B5;5< 8 :;0AA><, @01>B0BL 8=48284C0;L=>, 0 B0:65 2 1>;LH8E 8 <0;KE 3@C??0E; @0728B85 C<5=8O 8A?>;L7>20BL 8=B5@0:B82=K5 8=B5@=5B- B5E=>;>388, <C;LB8<5489=K5 A@54AB20 >1CG5=8O. @54<5B=K5 @57C;LB0BK: ><<C=8:0B82=K5 C<5=8O. >2>@5=85. 80;>38G5A:0O @5GL K?CA:=8: =0CG8BAO: 25AB8 480;>3 ( 480;>3 MB8:5B=>3> E0@0:B5@0, 480;>3- @0AA?@>A, 480;>3- ?>1C645=85 : 459AB28N; :><18=8@>20==K9 480;>3) 2 AB0=40@B=KE A8BC0F8OE =5>D8F80;L=>3> >1I5=8O 2 @0<:0E >A2>5==>9 B5<0B8:8, A>1;N40O =>@<K @5G52>3> MB8:5B0, ?@8=OBK5 2 AB@0=5 87CG05<>3> O7K:0. K?CA:=8: ?>;CG8B 2>7<>6=>ABL =0CG8BLAO: 25AB8 480;>3- >1<5= <=5=8O<8; 1@0BL 8 4020BL 8=B5@2LN; 25AB8 480;>3- @0AA?@>A =0 >A=>25 =5;8=59=>3> B5:AB0 ( B01;8FK, 4803@0<<K 8 B. 4. ) . >2>@5=85. >=>;>38G5A:0O @5GL K?CA:=8: =0CG8BAO: AB@>8BL A2O7=>5 <>=>;>38G5A:>5 2KA:07K20=85 A >?>@>9 =0 7@8B5;L=CN =03;O4=>ABL 8/ 8;8 25@10;L=K5 >?>@K ( :;NG52K5 A;>20, ?;0=, 2>?@>AK) 2 @0<:0E >A2>5==>9 B5<0B8:8; >?8AK20BL A>1KB8O A >?>@>9 =0 7@8B5;L=CN =03;O4=>ABL 8/ 8;8 25@10;L=CN >?>@C ( :;NG52K5 A;>20, ?;0=, 2>?@>AK) ; 4020BL :@0B:CN E0@0:B5@8AB8:C @50;L=KE ;N459 8 ;8B5@0BC@=KE ?5@A>=0659; ?5@54020BL >A=>2=>5 A>45@60=85 ?@>G8B0==>3> B5:AB0 A >?>@>9 8;8 157 >?>@K =0 B5:AB/ :;NG52K5 A;>20/ ?;0=/ 2>?@>AK; >?8AK20BL :0@B8=:C/ D>B> A >?>@>9 8;8 157 >?>@K =0 :;NG52K5 A;>20/ ?;0=/ 2>?@>AK. K?CA:=8: ?>;CG8B 2>7<>6=>ABL =0CG8BLAO: 45;0BL A>>1I5=85 =0 7040==CN B5<C =0 >A=>25 ?@>G8B0==>3>; :><<5=B8@>20BL D0:BK 87 ?@>G8B0==>3>/ ?@>A;CH0==>3> B5:AB0, 2K@060BL 8 0@3C<5=B8@>20BL A2>Q >B=>H5=85 : ?@>G8B0==><C/ ?@>A;CH0==><C; :@0B:> 2KA:07K20BLAO 157 ?@5420@8B5;L=>9 ?>43>B>2:8 =0 7040==CN B5<C 2 A>>B25BAB288 A ?@54;>65==>9 A8BC0F859 >1I5=8O; :@0B:> 2KA:07K20BLAO A >?>@>9 =0 =5;8=59=K9 B5:AB ( B01;8FK, 4803@0<<K, @0A?8A0=85 8 B. ?. ) ; :@0B:> 87;030BL @57C;LB0BK 2K?>;=5==>9 ?@>5:B=>9 @01>BK. C48@>20=85 K?CA:=8: =0CG8BAO: 2>A?@8=8<0BL =0 A;CE 8 ?>=8<0BL >A=>2=>5 A>45@60=85 =5A;>6=KE 0CB5=B8G=KE B5:AB>2, A>45@60I8E =5:>B>@>5 :>;8G5AB2> =587CG5==KE O7K:>2KE O2;5=89; 2>A?@8=8<0BL =0 A;CE 8 ?>=8<0BL =C6=CN/ 8=B5@5ACNICN/ 70?@0H8205<CN 8=D>@<0F8N 2 0CB5=B8G=KE B5:AB0E, A>45@60I8E :0: 87CG5==K5 O7K:>2K5 O2;5=8O, B0: 8 =5:>B>@>5 :>;8G5AB2> =587CG5==KE O7K:>2KE O2;5=89. K?CA:=8: ?>;CG8B 2>7<>6=>ABL =0CG8BLAO: 2K45;OBL >A=>2=CN B5<C 2 2>A?@8=8<05<>< =0 A;CE B5:AB5; 8A?>;L7>20BL :>=B5:ABC0;L=CN 8;8 O7K:>2CN 4>304:C ?@8 2>A?@8OB88 =0 A;CE B5:AB>2, A>45@60I8E =57=0:><K5 A;>20. 'B5=85 K?CA:=8: =0CG8BAO: G8B0BL 8 ?>=8<0BL >A=>2=>5 A>45@60=85 =5A;>6=KE 0CB5=B8G=KE B5:AB>2, A>45@60I8E >B45;L=K5 =587CG5==K5 O7K:>2K5 O2;5=8O; G8B0BL 8 =0E>48BL 2 =5A;>6=KE 0CB5=B8G=KE B5:AB0E, A>45@60I8E >B45;L=K5 =587CG5==K5 O7K:>2K5 O2;5=8O, =C6=CN/ 8=B5@5ACNICN/ 70?@0H8205<CN 8=D>@<0F8N, ?@54AB02;5==CN 2 O2=>< 8 2 =5O2=>< 2845; G8B0BL 8 ?>;=>ABLN ?>=8<0BL =5A;>6=K5 0CB5=B8G=K5 B5:ABK, ?>AB@>5==K5 =0 87CG5==>< O7K:>2>< <0B5@80;5; 2K@078B5;L=> G8B0BL 2A;CE =51>;LH85, ?>AB@>5==K5 =0 87CG5==>< O7K:>2>< <0B5@80;5 0CB5=B8G=K5 B5:ABK, 45<>=AB@8@CO ?>=8<0=85 ?@>G8B0==>3>. K?CA:=8: ?>;CG8B 2>7<>6=>ABL =0CG8BLAO: CAB0=02;820BL ?@8G8==>- A;54AB25==CN 2708<>A2O7L D0:B>2 8 A>1KB89, 87;>65==KE 2 =5A;>6=>< 0CB5=B8G=>< B5:AB5; 2>AAB0=02;820BL B5:AB 87 @07@>7=5==KE 0170F52 8;8 ?CBQ< 4>102;5=8O 2K?CI5==KE D@03<5=B>2. 8AL<5==0O @5GL K?CA:=8: =0CG8BAO: 70?>;=OBL 0=:5BK 8 D>@<C;O@K, A>>1I0O > A515 >A=>2=K5 A2545=8O ( 8<O, D0<8;8O, ?>;, 2>7@0AB, 3@0640=AB2>, =0F8>=0;L=>ABL, 04@5A 8 B. 4. ) ; ?8A0BL :>@>B:85 ?>74@02;5=8O A 4=Q< @>645=8O 8 4@C38<8 ?@074=8:0<8, A C?>B@51;5=85< D>@<C; @5G52>3> MB8:5B0, ?@8=OBKE 2 AB@0=5 87CG05<>3> O7K:0, 2K@060BL ?>65;0=8O ( >1JQ<>< 3 0 4 0 A;>2, 2:;NG0O 04@5A) ; ?8A0BL ;8G=>5 ?8AL<> 2 >B25B =0 ?8AL<>- AB8<C; A C?>B@51;5=85< D>@<C; @5G52>3> MB8:5B0, ?@8=OBKE 2 AB@0=5 87CG05<>3> O7K:0: A>>1I0BL :@0B:85 A2545=8O > A515 8 70?@0H820BL 0=0;>38G=CN 8=D>@<0F8N > 4@C35 ?> ?5@5?8A:5; 2K@060BL 1;03>40@=>ABL, 8728=5=8O, ?@>AL1C; 4020BL A>25B 8 B. 4. ( >1JQ<>< 1 0 0 1 2 0 A;>2, 2:;NG0O 04@5A) ; ?8A0BL =51>;LH85 ?8AL<5==K5 2KA:07K20=8O A >?>@>9 =0 >1@075F/ ?;0=. K?CA:=8: ?>;CG8B 2>7<>6=>ABL =0CG8BLAO: 45;0BL :@0B:85 2K?8A:8 87 B5:AB0 A F5;LN 8E 8A?>;L7>20=8O 2 A>1AB25==KE CAB=KE 2KA:07K20=8OE; ?8A0BL M;5:B@>==>5 ?8AL<> ( e - m a i l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t i o n , - s i o n ( c o l l e c t i o n , r e v i s i o n ) ; - e m e n t ( a p p a r t e m e n t ) ; - e u r ( o r d i n a t e u r ) ; - u r e ( s i g n a t u r e ) ; - e t t e ( b i c y c l e t t e , d i s q u e t t e ) ; - i q u e ( g y m n a s t i q u e ) ; - i s t e , - i s m e ( j o u r n a l i s t e , t o u r i s m e ) ; - e r / - e ` r e ( b o u l a n g e r / b o u l a n g e ` r e ) ; - i e n / - i e n n e (pharmacien/pharmacienne); -erie (parfumerie); -ence, -ance (preference, confiance); - aire (questionnaire); -oir, -oire (couloir, memoire); -age (bricolage); -te (activite); -ude (attitude); -aison (comparaison); -esse (jeunesse); -ure (ouverture); -ise (friandise); =0@5G8O A ACDD8:A>< - m e n t ; ?@8;030B5;L=K5 A ACDD8:A0<8: - e u r / - e u s e ( h e u r e u x / h e u r e u s e ) ; - i q u e ( s y m p a t h i q u e ) ; - a n t ( i n t e r e s s a n t ) ; - a i n ( a m e r i c a i n ) ; - a i s ( f r a n a i s ) ; - o i s ( c h i n o i s ) ; - i e n ( p a r i s i e n ) ; - a b l e / - i b l e ( v i v a b l e , l i s i b l e ) ; - e l / - e l l e , a l / - a l e , - i l e , i l / - i l l e ( p r o f e s s i o n n e l , g e n i a l , d i f f i c i l e , g e n t i l ) ; - e a u / - e l l e ( n o u v e a u / n o u v e l l e ) ; - a i r e ( p l a n e t a i r e ) ; - a t i f / - a t i v e ( c o n s u l t a t i f ) ; @0A?>7=020BL 8 >1@07>2K20BL @>4AB25==K5 A;>20 A 8A?>;L7>20=85< ?@5D8:A0F88 2 ?@545;0E B5<0B8:8 >A=>2=>9 H:>;K 2 A>>B25BAB288 A @5H05<>9 :><<C=8:0B82=>9 7040G59: ACI5AB28B5;L=K5, ?@8;030B5;L=K5 8 3;03>;K: i n - , i m - , i l - ( i n c o n n u , i m p o s s i b l e , i l l i s i b l e ) ; d e - ( d e p a r t , d e c o u r a g e r ) ; d i s - ( d i s p a r a t r e ) ; r e - , r e - ( r e f a i r e , r e v i s e r ) , p r e - ( p r e v e n i r ) ; m e - ( m e f i a n t ) ; a - ( a s y m e t r i q u e ) ; e x t r a - ( e x t r a o r d i n a i r e ) ; a n t i - ( a n t i c h o c ) ; @0A?>7=020BL 8 >1@07>2K20BL @>4AB25==K5 A;>20 A 8A?>;L7>20=85< A;>2>A;>65=8O 2 ?@545;0E B5<0B8:8 >A=>2=>9 H:>;K 2 A>>B25BAB288 A @5H05<>9 :><<C=8:0B82=>9 7040G59: ACI5AB28B5;L=>5 + ACI5AB28B5;L=>5 ( t e l e c a r t e ) ; ACI5AB28B5;L=>5 + ?@54;>3 + ACI5AB28B5;L=>5 ( a r c - e n - c i e l ) ; ?@8;030B5;L=>5 + ACI5AB28B5;L=>5 ( c y b e r c a f e ) ; 3;03>; + <5AB>8<5=85 ( r e n d e z - v o u s ) ; 3;03>; + ACI5AB28B5;L=>5 ( p a s s e - t e m p s ) ; ?@54;>3 + ACI5AB28B5;L=>5 ( s o u s - s o l ) ; @0A?>7=020BL 8 >1@07>2K20BL @>4AB25==K5 A;>20 A 8A?>;L7>20=85< :>=25@A88 ( >1@07>20=85 ACI5AB28B5;L=KE >B =5>?@545;Q==>9 D>@<K 3;03>;0 ( c o n s e i l l e r u n c o n s e i l ) 2 ?@545;0E B5<0B8:8 >A=>2=>9 H:>;K 2 A>>B25BAB288 A @5H05<>9 :><<C=8:0B82=>9 7040G59; @0A?>7=020BL 8=B5@=0F8>=0;L=K5 A;>20 2 ?@545;0E B5<0B8:8 >A=>2=>9 H:>;K 2 A>>B25BAB288 A @5H05<>9 :><<C=8:0B82=>9 7040G59. K?CA:=8: ?>;CG8B 2>7<>6=>ABL =0CG8BLAO: @0A?>7=020BL 8 C?>B@51;OBL 2 @5G8 2 =5A:>;L:8E 7=0G5=8OE <=>3>7=0G=K5 A;>20, 87CG5==K5 2 ?@545;0E B5<0B8:8 >A=>2=>9 H:>;K; 7=0BL @07;8G8O <564C O2;5=8O<8 A8=>=8<88 8 0=B>=8<88; C?>B@51;OBL 2 @5G8 87CG5==K5 A8=>=8<K 8 0=B>=8<K 045:20B=> A8BC0F88 >1I5=8O; @0A?>7=020BL ?@8=04;56=>ABL A;>2 : G0ABO< @5G8 ?> ACDD8:A0F88; @0A?>7=020BL 8 C?>B@51;OBL 2 @5G8 @07;8G=K5 A@54AB20 A2O78 2 B5:AB5 4;O >15A?5G5=8O 53> F5;>AB=>AB8; 8A?>;L7>20BL O7K:>2CN 4>304:C 2 ?@>F5AA5 GB5=8O 8 0C48@>20=8O ( 4>304K20BLAO > 7=0G5=88 =57=0:><KE A;>2 ?> :>=B5:ABC, ?> AE>4AB2C A @CAA:8</ @>4=K< O7K:><, ?> A;>2>>1@07>20B5;L=K< M;5<5=B0<) . @0<<0B8G5A:0O AB>@>=0 @5G8 K?CA:=8: =0CG8BAO: @0A?>7=020BL 8 C?>B@51;OBL 2 ?@>F5AA5 CAB=>3> 8 ?8AL<5==>3> >1I5=8O >A=>2=K5 A8=B0:A8G5A:85 :>=AB@C:F88 8 <>@D>;>38G5A:85 D>@<K 2 A>>B25BAB288 A :><<C=8:0B82=>9 7040G59 2 :><<C=8:0B82=> 7=0G8<>< :>=B5:AB5: - =5@0A?@>AB@0=Q==K5 8 @0A?@>AB@0=Q==K5 ?@54;>65=8O; - 157;8G=K5 ?@54;>65=8O; - ?@54;>65=8O A =5>?@545;Q==>- ;8G=K< <5AB>8<5=85< o n ; - A;>6=>A>G8=Q==K5 ?@54;>65=8O A A>N70<8 o u , m a i s , n i & n i ; - 2A5 B8?K 2>?@>A8B5;L=KE ?@54;>65=89; - ?@O<>9 ?>@O4>: A;>2 8 8=25@A8N; - 2>?@>A8B5;L=>5 ?@8;030B5;L=>5 q u e l , 2>?@>A8B5;L=K5 =0@5G8O o , q u a n d , c o m m e n t , p o u r q u o i ; 2>?@>A8B5;L=K5 <5AB>8<5=8O q u i , q u e , q u o i , l e q u e l ; - >B@8F0B5;L=K5 G0AB8FK p l u s , j a m a i s , r i e n , p e r s o n n e ; - >A>15==>AB8 C?>B@51;5=8O >B@8F0=8O ?5@54 =5>?@545;Q==>9 D>@<>9 3;03>;0 ( l i n f i n i t i f ) ; - >3@0=8G8B5;L=K9 >1>@>B n e & q u e ; @0A?>7=020BL 8 C?>B@51;OBL 2 @5G8 3;03>;K 2 =081>;55 C?>B@518B5;L=KE 2@5<5==KE D>@<0E: - 2@5<5==K5 D>@<K 87JO28B5;L=>3> =0:;>=5=8O ( l i n d i c a t i f ) : l e p r e s e n t , l e f u t u r s i m p l e , l e f u t u r i m m e d i a t , l e p a s s e c o m p o s e , l i m p a r f a i t , l e p l u s - q u e - p a r f a i t , l e f u t u r d a n s l e p a s s e ; - 2>72@0B=K5 ( <5AB>8<5==K5) 3;03>;K; - A?@O65=85 3;03>;>2 I 8 I I 3@C??K, @0A?@>AB@0=Q==KE 3;03>;>2 I I I 3@C??K 2 87JO28B5;L=>< =0:;>=5=88; - A>3;0A>20=85 ?@8G0AB8O A;>6=KE D>@< 3;03>;0 A ?>4;560I8< 8 ?@O<K< 4>?>;=5=85<; - A>3;0A>20=85 2@5<Q= 2 ?;0=5 =0AB>OI53> 8 ?@>H54H53>; - ?@O<0O 8 :>A25==0O @5GL; @0A?>7=020BL 8 C?>B@51;OBL 2 @5G8: - ?>25;8B5;L=>5 =0:;>=5=85 @53C;O@=KE 8 @0A?@>AB@0=Q==KE =5@53C;O@=KE 3;03>;>2 2 CB25@48B5;L=>9 8 >B@8F0B5;L=>9 D>@<5 ( l i m p e r a t i f ) ; - 2@5<5==CN D>@<C CA;>2=>3> =0:;>=5=8O ( l e c o n d i t i o n n e l p r e s e n t ) 2 ?@>AB>< 8 A;>6=>< ?@54;>65=88; - l e s u b j o n c t i f p r e s e n t @53C;O@=KE 8 =081>;55 G0AB>B=KE =5@53C;O@=KE 3;03>;>2 2 4>?>;=8B5;L=KE ?@840B>G=KE; - 0:B82=K9 8 ?0AA82=K9 70;>3 2 =0AB>OI5< 2@5<5=8 87JO28B5;L=>3> =0:;>=5=8O; - ?@54;>38 p a r 8 d e 2 ?0AA82=KE :>=AB@C:F8OE; @0A?>7=020BL 8 C?>B@51;OBL 2 @5G8 ?@8G0AB8O =0AB>OI53> 8 ?@>H54H53> 2@5<5=8 ( l e p a r t i c i p e p r e s e n t 8 l e p a r t i c i p e p a s s e ) , 455?@8G0AB85 ( l e g e r o n d i f ) , 8=D8=8B82=K5 :>=AB@C:F88 ?>A;5 3;03>;>2 2>A?@8OB8O; @0A?>7=020BL 8 C?>B@51;OBL 2 @5G8 >A>1K5 D>@<K ACI5AB28- B5;L=KE 65=A:>3> @>40 8 <=>65AB25==>3> G8A;0 ( u n h o m m e u n e f e m m e ; t r a v a i l t r a v a u x ) , >A>1K5 D>@<K ?@8;030B5;L=KE 65=A:>3> @>40 8 <=>65AB25==>3> G8A;0 ( b e a u b e l l e , l o n g l o n g u e , c u l t u r e l l e , => m u s i c a l e , s p e c i a l s p e c i a u x / s p e c i a l e s 8 4@. ) ; @0A?>7=020BL 8 C?>B@51;OBL 2 @5G8 G0AB8G=K9 0@B8:;L A 01AB@0:B=K<8 8 25I5AB25==K<8 ACI5AB28B5;L=K<8; 70<5=0 0@B8:;O ?@54;>3>< d e ; C?>B@51;5=85 ?@54;>3>2 8 0@B8:;59 ?5@54 35>3@0D8G5A:8<8 =0720=8O<8 ( e n F r a n c e , d e C h i n e , a u C a n a d a , d u J a p o n ) ; @0A?>7=020BL 8 C?>B@51;OBL 2 @5G8 =0@5G8O =0 - m e n t , - e m m e n t , - a m m e n t ; @0A?>7=020BL 8 C?>B@51;OBL 2 @5G8 AB5?5=8 A@02=5=8O ?@8;030B5;L=KE 8 =0@5G89, >A>1K5 A;CG08 8E >1@07>20=8O ( b o n m e i l l e u r , b i e n m i e u x ) ; @0A?>7=020BL 8 C?>B@51;OBL 2 @5G8 ;8G=K5 <5AB>8<5=8O 2 DC=:F88 ?@O<KE 8 :>A25==KE 4>?>;=5=89; C40@=K5 8 157C40@=K5 D>@<K ;8G=KE <5AB>8<5=89; <5AB>8<5=8O e n 8 y ; >B=>A8- B5;L=K5 <5AB>8<5=8O q u i , q u e , o , d o n t ; C:070B5;L=K5 8 ?@8BO60B5;L=K5 <5AB>8<5=8O; =5>?@545;Q==K5 ?@8;030B5;L=K5 8 <5AB>8<5=8O ( o n , t o u t , m m e , p e r s o n n e , c h a q u e , c h a c u n ( e ) , q u e l q u e ( s ) , q u e l q u u n , q u e l q u e s - u n ( e ) s , p l u s i e u r s ) ; @0A?>7=020BL 8 C?>B@51;OBL 2 @5G8 :>;8G5AB25==K5 G8A;8B5;L=K5 A2KH5 1 0 0 0 8 ?>@O4:>2K5 G8A;8B5;L=K5 A2KH5 1 0 ; 8A?>;L7>20BL C?@02;5=85 @0A?@>AB@0=Q==KE 3;03>;>2; ?@54;>38, A;C60I85 4;O 2K@065=8O ?@>AB@0=AB25==KE ( , d e , d a n s , s u r , s o u s , e n t r e , v e r s ) 8 2@5<5==KE ( p e n d a n t , d e p u i s , e n , d a n s , p o u r ) >B=>H5=89; @0A?@>AB@0=Q==K5 :>==5:B>@K: p o u r t a n t , e n f i n , d a b o r d , e n s u i t e 8 B. 4. K?CA:=8: ?>;CG8B 2>7<>6=>ABL =0CG8BLAO: @0A?>7=020BL A;>6=>?>4G8=Q==K5 ?@54;>65=8O A ?@840B>G=K<8 4>?>;=8B5;L=K<8 ( A>N7 q u e ) , >?@545;8B5;L=K<8 ( A>N7=K5 A;>20 q u i , q u e , d o n t , o ) , >1AB>OB5;LAB25==K<8 ( =081>;55 @0A?@>AB@0=Q==K5 A>N7K, 2K@060NI85 7=0G5=8O 2@5<5=8 ( q u a n d ) , <5AB0 ( o ) , ?@8G8=K ( p a r c e q u e ) , A;54AB28O ( a i n s i ) , F5;8 ( p o u r q u e ) ; \ D J z x >. @. t0 0 = = > > O O P P P P $P 8P